Advanced Level
Advanced Grammar
Mixed Conditionals, Wishes y Passive Causative
Mixed Conditionals & Wishes
Condicionales mixtos y expresar deseos sobre el pasado y presente
🔀 Mixed Conditionals & Wish Structures
Los condicionales mixtos combinan tiempos de dos condicionales distintos (2° y 3°) para hablar de situaciones donde el tiempo de la condición y el resultado son diferentes. Wish expresa deseos sobre situaciones que no son reales.
🔀 Mixed Conditionals
- Tipo: Past → Present (condición pasada, resultado presente)
- If + Past Perfect, would + infinitive
- "If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now."
- Tipo: Present → Past (condición presente, resultado pasado)
- If + Past Simple, would have + PP
- "If I were braver, I would have asked her out."
💫 Wish Structures
- Wish + Past Simple: deseo sobre el presente
- "I wish I spoke Chinese." (no hablo chino)
- Wish + Past Perfect: lamento sobre el pasado
- "I wish I had studied harder." (no estudié)
- Wish + would: deseo de cambio de comportamiento
- "I wish you would stop complaining."
- If only: más énfasis → "If only I had more time!"
✏️ Exercises
-
Exercise 1
Completa: I wish I ___ (know) English better — I can't understand the movie. If I ___ (study) more last year, I ___ (pass) the exam.
I wish I knew English better. If I had studied more last year, I would have passed the exam. -
Exercise 2
Escribe 3 oraciones con wish: una sobre tu situación actual, una lamentando algo del pasado, y una pidiendo un cambio de comportamiento de alguien.
Respuesta personal. Ej: "I wish I lived closer to the city center." (presente) / "I wish I had slept more last night." (pasado) / "I wish my classmates would be quieter during the exam." (cambio de conducta).
Advanced Passive & Causative
Voz pasiva en todos los tiempos y causativo have/get
🔧 Advanced Passive Voice & Causative
La voz pasiva se usa cuando el sujeto recibe la acción, no la realiza. En inglés avanzado se usa en todos los tiempos. El causativo (have/get something done) indica que alguien hace algo por ti.
📋 Passive in all tenses
- Present Simple: The book is written by him
- Past Simple: It was built in 1900
- Present Perfect: It has been repaired
- Future: The bridge will be opened next year
- Modal: It must be done immediately
- Estructura: be (conjugado) + Past Participle
🛠️ Causative have/get
- have + object + PP: alguien hace algo por ti
- I had my car repaired. (lo repararon por mí)
- She had her hair cut. (se cortó el pelo — en peluquería)
- get + object + PP: más informal
- I need to get my phone fixed.
- Pasiva personal: They say he is rich → He is said to be rich.
✏️ Exercises
-
Exercise 1
Convierte a pasiva: "The company has delivered the packages." / "They will announce the results tomorrow."
The packages have been delivered by the company. The results will be announced tomorrow. -
Exercise 2
Reescribe usando causativo: "A mechanic is repairing my car" / "A tailor made her dress".
I am having my car repaired. She had her dress made by a tailor.
Professional Level
Inglés Profesional
Business English y escritura académica
Business English
Emails formales, reuniones, negociaciones y presentaciones
💼 Business English
El Business English es el inglés utilizado en contextos profesionales y comerciales. Difiere del inglés cotidiano en su formalidad, precisión y vocabulario específico.
📧 Formal Email Structure
- Subject: claro y específico
- Salutation: Dear Mr./Ms. [apellido], / To whom it may concern,
- Opening: I am writing to... / With reference to...
- Body: párrafos cortos y directos
- Closing: I look forward to hearing from you.
- Sign-off: Yours sincerely, / Best regards,
🤝 Meetings & Negotiations
- "Could we schedule a meeting for...?"
- "I'd like to raise the issue of..."
- "That's a fair point, however..."
- "We propose a compromise..."
- "Let me summarize what we've agreed..."
- "I'll get back to you on that."
✏️ Exercises
-
Exercise 1
Write a formal email to a university requesting information about their English program. Include: subject, salutation, reason for writing, specific questions, closing.
Sample: Subject: Enquiry about English Language Program. Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to request information about your English language programs for international students. I would be grateful if you could provide details regarding admission requirements, program duration, and tuition fees. I look forward to your reply. Yours faithfully, [Name]
Academic Writing in English
Research papers, argumentative essays y paráfrasis
📰 Academic Writing in English
La escritura académica en inglés sigue convenciones específicas. En la universidad necesitarás escribir ensayos, reportes e investigaciones. El nivel B2 requiere dominar estas estructuras.
📝 Research Paper Structure
- Abstract: resumen de 150-250 palabras (problema, método, resultados)
- Introduction: contexto + gap + thesis + outline
- Literature Review: revisión de estudios previos
- Methodology: cómo se realizó la investigación
- Results & Discussion: hallazgos e interpretación
- Conclusion: síntesis y recomendaciones
- References: APA, MLA o Chicago
🔄 Paraphrase & Citation
- Parafrasear: reescribir una idea con tus propias palabras
- Cita directa: usar "comillas" y citar autor, año, página
- Cita indirecta: According to Smith (2020), ...
- APA: (Autor, Año, p.#) en el texto
- Plagiarism: copiar sin citar es una falta académica grave
✏️ Exercises
-
Exercise 1
Paraphrase this sentence: "Climate change is the most pressing environmental challenge of the 21st century."
Sample paraphrase: "Among all environmental issues facing humanity today, global warming stands out as the most critical and urgent challenge of our time."
B2 Exam Preparation
Preparación para Exámenes de Inglés
FCE, IELTS y estructuras clave de nivel B2
B2 Exam Preparation
Estrategias para FCE, IELTS y vocabulario avanzado
🏆 B2 Level Exam Preparation
El nivel B2 del Marco Europeo (CEFR) implica: comprender textos complejos, comunicarse con fluidez con nativos, escribir textos claros y detallados. Las certificaciones más valoradas son FCE (Cambridge), IELTS e TOEFL.
📋 B2 Grammar Checklist
- ✅ All tenses including Perfect Continuous
- ✅ All conditional types + Mixed
- ✅ Passive voice in all tenses
- ✅ Reported speech (all tenses)
- ✅ Modal perfects (must have, could have)
- ✅ Relative clauses (defining/non-defining)
- ✅ Wish/If only structures
- ✅ Inversion for emphasis (Never have I...)
📚 B2 Vocabulary Strategies
- Collocations: make a decision, take a risk, do research
- Phrasal verbs: give up, put off, carry out, look into
- Academic vocabulary: furthermore, nevertheless, consequently
- Word formation: prefixes (un-, dis-, mis-) and suffixes (-tion, -ness, -ful)
- Read English newspapers (BBC, The Guardian) daily
- Watch shows with subtitles in English (not Spanish)
In Cambridge FCE Writing, you have 2 tasks: a compulsory essay (Part 1) and a choice (Part 2: article, email, report, review). Use linking words, varied vocabulary and accurate grammar. Aim for 140-190 words each.
✏️ Exercises
-
Exercise 1 — Word Formation
Form the correct word: The ___ (decide) was difficult. Her ___ (achieve) impressed everyone. The project was ___ (success).
The decision was difficult. Her achievement impressed everyone. The project was successful. -
Exercise 2 — Use of English
Rewrite using inversion: "I have never seen such a beautiful landscape."
"Never have I seen such a beautiful landscape." (Inversion with never: auxiliary before subject) -
Exercise 3 — IELTS-style Task 2
Write a 4-paragraph essay (250 words): "Some people believe that technology has made people less social. To what extent do you agree?"
Structure: Intro (paraphrase + thesis: partially agree). Body 1 (how tech reduces face-to-face interaction: social media vs real conversations). Body 2 (counterargument: tech connects people across distances, especially during pandemic). Conclusion: Balance is key — technology is a tool; how we use it determines its social impact.